{"created":"2023-07-25T09:17:09.413034+00:00","id":17528,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"6627f13f-09e9-4ef3-95c1-c3f9db0fdaa3"},"_deposit":{"created_by":19,"id":"17528","owners":[19],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"17528"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:toyama.repo.nii.ac.jp:00017528","sets":["1428:1599:1779"]},"author_link":["373"],"item_8_alternative_title_20":{"attribute_name":"その他（別言語等）のタイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"13th Hearn talk: sound file"}]},"item_8_date_7":{"attribute_name":"発表年月日","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_date_issued_datetime":"2020-01-29","subitem_date_issued_type":"Created"}]},"item_8_description_16":{"attribute_name":"フォーマット","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"application/mp3","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_8_description_4":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"テーマ：輪廻転生－女の恨みと生まれ変わり\n\n1) Diplomacy\n\nIt had been ordered that the execution should take place in the garden\nof the yashiki (1).  So the man was taken there, and made to kneel down\nin a wide sanded space crossed by a line of tobi-ishi, or\nstepping-stones, such as you may still see in Japanese\nlandscape-gardens. His arms were bound behind him. Retainers brought\nwater in buckets, and rice-bags filled with pebbles; and they packed\nthe rice-bags round the kneeling man,--so wedging him in that he could\nnot move. The master came, and observed the arrangements. He found them\nsatisfactory, and made no remarks.\n\nSuddenly the condemned man cried out to him:--\n\n\"Honored Sir, the fault for which I have been doomed I did not\nwittingly commit. It was only my very great stupidity which caused the\nfault. Having been born stupid, by reason of my Karma, I could not\nalways help making mistakes. But to kill a man for being stupid is\nwrong,--and that wrong will be repaid. So surely as you kill me, so\nsurely shall I be avenged;--out of the resentment that you provoke will\ncome the vengeance; and evil will be rendered for evil.\"...\n\nIf any person be killed while feeling strong resentment, the ghost of\nthat person will be able to take vengeance upon the killer. This the\nsamurai knew. He replied very gently,--almost caressingly:--\n\n\"We shall allow you to frighten us as much as you please--after you are\ndead. But it is difficult to believe that you mean what you say. Will\nyou try to give us some sign of your great resentment--after your head\nhas been cut off?\"\n\n\"Assuredly I will,\" answered the man.\n\n\"Very well,\" said the samurai, drawing his long sword;--\"I am now going\nto cut off your head. Directly in front of you there is a\nstepping-stone. After your head has been cut off, try to bite the\nstepping-stone. If your angry ghost can help you to do that, some of us\nmay be frightened... Will you try to bite the stone?\"\n\n\"I will bite it!\" cried the man, in great anger,--\"I will bite it!--I\nwill bite\"--\n\nThere was a flash, a swish, a crunching thud: the bound body bowed over\nthe rice sacks,--two long blood-jets pumping from the shorn neck;--and\nthe head rolled upon the sand. Heavily toward the stepping-stone it\nrolled: then, suddenly bounding, it caught the upper edge of the stone\nbetween its teeth, clung desperately for a moment, and dropped inert.\n\n\nNone spoke; but the retainers stared in horror at their master. He\nseemed to be quite unconcerned. He merely held out his sword to the\nnearest attendant, who, with a wooden dipper, poured water over the\nblade from haft to point, and then carefully wiped the steel several\ntimes with sheets of soft paper... And thus ended the ceremonial part\nof the incident.\n\n\nFor months thereafter, the retainers and the domestics lived in\nceaseless fear of ghostly visitation. None of them doubted that the\npromised vengeance would come; and their constant terror caused them to\nhear and to see much that did not exist. They became afraid of the\nsound of the wind in the bamboos,--afraid even of the stirring of\nshadows in the garden. At last, after taking counsel together, they\ndecided to petition their master to have a Segaki-service (2) performed\non behalf of the vengeful spirit.\n\n\"Quite unnecessary,\" the samurai said, when his chief retainer had\nuttered the general wish... \"I understand that the desire of a dying\nman for revenge may be a cause for fear. But in this case there is\nnothing to fear.\"\n\nThe retainer looked at his master beseechingly, but hesitated to ask\nthe reason of the alarming confidence.\n\n\"Oh, the reason is simple enough,\" declared the samurai, divining the\nunspoken doubt. \"Only the very last intention of the fellow could have\nbeen dangerous; and when I challenged him to give me the sign, I\ndiverted his mind from the desire of revenge. He died with the set\npurpose of biting the stepping-stone; and that purpose he was able to\naccomplish, but nothing else. All the rest he must have forgotten... So\nyou need not feel any further anxiety about the matter.\"\n\n--And indeed the dead man gave no more trouble. Nothing at all happened.\n\n\n2) Oshidori\n\nThere was a falconer and hunter, named Sonjo, who lived in the district\ncalled Tamura-no-Go, of the province of Mutsu. One day he went out\nhunting, and could not find any game. But on his way home, at a place\ncalled Akanuma, he perceived a pair of oshidori [1] (mandarin-ducks),\nswimming together in a river that he was about to cross. To kill\noshidori is not good; but Sonjo happened to be very hungry, and he shot\nat the pair. His arrow pierced the male: the female escaped into the\nrushes of the further shore, and disappeared. Sonjo took the dead bird\nhome, and cooked it.\n\nThat night he dreamed a dreary dream. It seemed to him that a beautiful\nwoman came into his room, and stood by his pillow, and began to weep.\nSo bitterly did she weep that Sonjo felt as if his heart were being\ntorn out while he listened. And the woman cried to him: \"Why,--oh! why\ndid you kill him?--of what wrong was he guilty?... At Akanuma we were\nso happy together,--and you killed him!... What harm did he ever do\nyou? Do you even know what you have done?--oh! do you know what a\ncruel, what a wicked thing you have done?... Me too you have\nkilled,--for I will not live without my husband!... Only to tell you\nthis I came.\"... Then again she wept aloud,--so bitterly that the voice\nof her crying pierced into the marrow of the listener's bones;--and she\nsobbed out the words of this poem:--\n\n       Hi kurureba\n  Sasoeshi mono wo--\n       Akanuma no\n  Makomo no kure no\n  Hitori-ne zo uki!\n\n(\"At the coming of twilight I invited him to return with me--! Now to\nsleep alone in the shadow of the rushes of Akanuma--ah! what misery\nunspeakable!\") [2]\n\nAnd after having uttered these verses she exclaimed:--\"Ah, you do not\nknow--you cannot know what you have done! But to-morrow, when you go to\nAkanuma, you will see,--you will see...\" So saying, and weeping very\npiteously, she went away.\n\nWhen Sonjo awoke in the morning, this dream remained so vivid in his\nmind that he was greatly troubled. He remembered the words:--\"But\nto-morrow, when you go to Akanuma, you will see,--you will see.\" And he\nresolved to go there at once, that he might learn whether his dream was\nanything more than a dream.\n\nSo he went to Akanuma; and there, when he came to the river-bank, he\nsaw the female oshidori swimming alone. In the same moment the bird\nperceived Sonjo; but, instead of trying to escape, she swam straight\ntowards him, looking at him the while in a strange fixed way. Then,\nwith her beak, she suddenly tore open her own body, and died before the\nhunter's eyes...\n\n\nSonjo shaved his head, and became a priest.\n\n\n2)-2 Trois contes by Gustave Flaubert\n\nLe cerf, qui etait noir et monstrueux de taille, portait seize\nandouillers avec une barbe blanche. La biche, blonde comme les feuilles\nmortes, broutait le gazon; et le faon tachete, sans l'interrompre dans\nsa marche, lui tetait la mamelle.\n\nL'arbalete encore une fois ronfla. Le faon, tout de suite, fut tue.\nAlors sa mere, en regardant le ciel, brama d'une voix profonde,\ndechirante, humaine. Julien exaspere, d'un coup en plein poitrail,\nl'etendit par terre.\n\nLe grand cerf l'avait vu, fit un bond. Julien lui envoya sa derniere\nfleche. Elle l'atteignit au front, et y resta plantee.\n\nLe grand cerf n'eut pas l'air de la sentir; en enjambant par-dessus les\nmorts, il avancait toujours, allait fondre sur lui, l'eventrer; et\nJulien reculait dans une epouvante indicible. Le prodigieux animal\ns'arreta; et les yeux flamboyants, solennel comme un patriarche et comme\nun justicier, pendant qu'une cloche au loin tintait, il repeta trois fois:\n\n--≪Maudit! maudit! maudit! Un jour, coeur feroce, tu assassineras ton\npere et ta mere!≫\n\nIl plia les genoux, ferma doucement ses paupieres, et mourut.\n\nJulien fut stupefait, puis accable d'une fatigue soudaine; et un degout,\nune tristesse immense l'envahit. Le front dans les deux mains, il pleura\npendant longtemps.\n\n====\n\nDe l'autre cote du vallon, sur le bord de la foret, il apercut un cerf,\nune biche et son faon.\n\n\n\n3) Ingwa-banashi\n\nThe daimyo's wife was dying, and knew that she was dying. She had\nnot been able to leave her bed since the early autumn of the\ntenth Bunsei. It was now the fourth month of the twelfth Bunsei,\n--the year 1829 by Western counting; and the cherry-trees were\nblossoming. She thought of the cherry-trees in her garden, and of\nthe gladness of spring. She thought of her children. She thought\nof her husband's various concubines,--especially the Lady Yukiko,\nnineteen years old.\n\n\"My dear wife,\" said the daimyo, \"you have suffered very much for\nthree long years. We have done all that we could to get you\nwell,--watching beside you night and day, praying for you, and\noften fasting for your sake, But in spite of our loving care, and\nin spite of the skill of our best physicians, it would now seen\nthat the end of your life is not far off. Probably we shall\nsorrow more than you will sorrow because of your having to leave\nwhat the Buddha so truly termed 'this burning-house of the world.\nI shall order to be performed--no matter what the cost--every\nreligious rite that can serve you in regard to your next rebirth;\nand all of us will pray without ceasing for you, that you may not\nhave to wander in the Black Space, but nay quickly enter\nParadise, and attain to Buddha-hood.\"\n\nHe spoke with the utmost tenderness, pressing her the while.\nThen, with eyelids closed, she answered him in a voice thin as\nthe voice of in insect:--\n\n\"I am grateful--most grateful--for your kind words.... Yes, it is\ntrue, as you say, that I have been sick for three long years, and\nthat I have been treated with all possible care and affection....\nWhy, indeed, should I turn away from the one true Path at the\nvery moment of my death?... Perhaps to think of worldly matters\nat such a time is not right;--but I have one last request to\nmake,--only one.... Call here to me the Lady Yukiko;--you know\nthat I love her like a sister. I want to speak to her about the\naffairs of this household.\"\n\nYukiko came at the summons of the lord, and, in obedience to a\nsign from him, knelt down beside the couch. The daimyo's wife\nopened her eyes, and looked at Yukiko, and spoke:--\"Ah, here is\nYukiko!... I am so pleased to see you, Yukiko!... Come a little\ncloser,--so that you can hear me well: I am not able to speak\nloud.... Yukiko, I am going to die. I hope that you will be\nfaithful in all things to our dear lord;--for I want you to take\nmy place when I am gone.... I hope that you will always be loved\nby him,--yes, even a hundred times more than I have been,--and\nthat you will very soon be promoted to a higher rank, and become\nhis honored wife.... And I beg of you always to cherish our dear\nlord: never allow another woman to rob you of his affection....\nThis is what I wanted to say to you, dear Yukiko.... Have you\nbeen able to understand?\"\n\n\"Oh, my dear Lady,\" protested Yukiko, \"do not, I entreat you, say\nsuch strange things to me! You well know that I am of poor and\nmean condition:--how could I ever dare to aspire to become the\nwife of our lord!\"\n\n\"Nay, nay!\" returned the wife, huskily,--\"this is not a time for\nwords of ceremony: let us speak only the truth to each other.\nAfter my death, you will certainly be promoted to a higher place;\nand I now assure you again that I wish you to become the wife of\nour lord--yes, I wish this, Yukiko, even more than I wish to\nbecome a Buddha!... Ah, I had almost forgotten!--I want you to do\nsomething for me, Yukiko. You know that in the garden there is a\nyae-zakura,(2) which was brought here, the year before last, from\nMount Yoshino in Yamato. I have been told that it is now in full\nbloom;--and I wanted so much to see it in flower! In a little\nwhile I shall be dead;--I must see that tree before I die. Now I\nwish you to carry me into the garden--at once, Yukiko,--so that I\ncan see it.... Yes, upon your back, Yukiko;--take me upon your\nback....\"\n\nWhile thus asking, her voice had gradually become clear and\nstrong,--as if the intensity of the wish had given her new force:\nthen she suddenly burst into tears. Yukiko knelt motionless, not\nknowing what to do; but the lord nodded assent.\n\n\"It is her last wish in this world,\" he said. \"She always loved\ncherry-flowers; and I know that she wanted very much to see that\nYamato-tree in blossom. Come, my dear Yukiko, let her have her\nwill.\"\n\nAs a nurse turns her back to a child, that the child may cling to\nit, Yukiko offered her shoulders to the wife, and said:--\n\n\"Lady, I am ready: please tell me how I best can help you.\"\n\n\"Why, this way!\"--responded the dying woman, lifting herself with\nan almost superhuman effort by clinging to Yukiko's shoulders.\nBut as she stood erect, she quickly slipped her thin hands down\nover the shoulders, under the robe, and clutched the breasts of\nthe girl,, and burst into a wicked laugh.\n\n\"I have my wish!\" she cried-\"I have my wish for the cherry-\nbloom,(3)--but not the cherry-bloom of the garden!... I could not\ndie before I got my wish. Now I have it!--oh, what a delight!\"\n\nAnd with these words she fell forward upon the crouching girl,\nand died.\n\n\nThe attendants at once attempted to lift the body from Yukiko's\nshoulders, and to lay it upon the bed. But--strange to say!--this\nseemingly easy thing could not be done. The cold hands had\nattached themselves in some unaccountable way to the breasts of\nthe girl,--appeared to have grown into the quick flesh. Yukiko\nbecame senseless with fear and pain.\n\nPhysicians were called. They could not understand what had taken\nplace. By no ordinary methods could the hands of the dead woman\nbe unfastened from the body of her victim;--they so clung that\nany effort to remove them brought blood. This was not because the\nfingers held: it was because the flesh of the palms had united\nitself in some inexplicable manner to the flesh of the breasts!\n\nAt that time the most skilful physician in Yedo was a foreigner,\n--a Dutch surgeon. It was decided to summon him. After a careful\nexamination he said that he could not understand the case, and\nthat for the immediate relief of Yukiko there was nothing to be\ndone except to cut the hands from the corpse. He declared that it\nwould be dangerous to attempt to detach them from the breasts.\nHis advice was accepted; and the hands' were amputated at the\nwrists. But they remained clinging to the breasts; and there they\nsoon darkened and dried up,--like the hands of a person long\ndead.\n\nYet this was only the beginning of the horror.\n\nWithered and bloodless though they seemed, those hands were not\ndead. At intervals they would stir--stealthily, like great grey\nspiders. And nightly thereafter,--beginning always at the Hour of\nthe Ox,(4)--they would clutch and compress and torture. Only at\nthe Hour of the Tiger the pain would cease.\n\nYukiko cut off her hair, and became a mendicant-nun,--taking the\nreligious name of Dassetsu. She had an ibai (mortuary tablet)\nmade, bearing the kaimyo of her dead mistress,--\"Myo-Ko-In-Den\nChizan-Ryo-Fu Daishi\";--and this she carried about with her in\nall her wanderings; and every day before it she humbly besought\nthe dead for pardon, and performed a Buddhist service in order\nthat the jealous spirit might find rest. But the evil karma that\nhad rendered such an affliction possible could not soon be\nexhausted. Every night at the Hour of the Ox, the hands never\nfailed to torture her, during more than seventeen years,--\naccording to the testimony of those persons to whom she last told\nher story, when she stopped for one evening at the house of\nNoguchi Dengozayemon, in the village of Tanaka in the district of\nKawachi in the province of Shimotsuke. This was in the third year\nof Kokwa (1846). Thereafter nothing more was ever heard of her.\n\n1 Lit., \"a tale of ingwa.\" Ingwa is a Japanese Buddhist term for\nevil karma, or the evil consequence of faults committed in a\nformer state of existence. Perhaps the curious title of the\nnarrative is best explained by the Buddhist teaching that the\ndead have power to injure the living only in consequence of evil\nactions committed by their victims in some former life. Both\ntitle and narrative may be found in the collection of weird\nstories entitled Hyaku-Monogatari.\n\n2 Yae-zakura, yae-no-sakura, a variety of Japanese cherry-tree\nthat bears double-blossoms.\n\n3 In Japanese poetry and proverbial phraseology, the physical\nbeauty of a woman is compared to the cherry-flower; while\nfeminine moral beauty is compared to the plum-flower.\n\n4 In ancient Japanese time, the Hour of the Ox was the special\nhour of ghosts. It began at 2 A.M., and lasted until 4 A.M.--for\nthe old Japanese hour was double the length of the modern hour.\nThe Hour of the Tiger began at 4 A.M.\n\n\n4) XXV Of ghosts and goblins\n\nSec. 1\n\nTHERE was a Buddha, according to the Hokkekyo who 'even assumed the\nshape of a goblin to preach to such as were to be converted by a\ngoblin.' And in the same Sutra may be found this promise of the Teacher:\n'While he is dwelling lonely in the wilderness, I will send thither\ngoblins in great number to keep him company.'  The appalling character\nof this promise is indeed somewhat modified by the assurance that gods\nalso are to be sent. But if ever I become a holy man, I shall take heed\nnot to dwell in the wilderness, because I have seen Japanese goblins,\nand I do not like them.\n\nKinjuro showed them to me last night. They had come to town for the\nmatsuri of our own ujigami, or parish-temple; and, as there were many\ncurious things to be seen at the night festival, we started for the\ntemple after dark, Kinjuro carrying a paper lantern painted with my\ncrest.\n\nIt had snowed heavily in the morning; but now the sky and the sharp\nstill air were clear as diamond; and the crisp snow made a pleasant\ncrunching sound under our feet as we walked; and it occurred to me to\nsay: 'O Kinjuro, is there a God of Snow?'\n\n'I cannot tell,' replied Kinjuro. 'There be many gods I do not know; and\nthere is not any man who knows the names of all the gods. But there is\nthe Yuki-Onna, the Woman of the Snow.'\n\n'And what is the Yuki-Onna?'\n\n'She is the White One that makes the Faces in the snow. She does not any\nharm, only makes afraid. By day she lifts only her head, and frightens\nthose who journey alone. But at night she rises up sometimes, taller\nthan the trees, and looks about a little while, and then falls back in a\nshower of snow.' [1]\n\n'What is her face like?'\n\n'It is all white, white. It is an enormous face. And it is a lonesome\nface.'\n\n[The word Kinjuro used was samushii. Its common meaning is 'lonesome';\nbut he used it, I think, in the sense of 'weird.']\n\n'Did you ever see her, Kinjuro?'\n\n'Master, I never saw her. But my father told me that once when he was a\nchild, he wanted to go to a neighbour's house through the snow to play\nwith another little boy; and that on the way he saw a great white Face\nrise up from the snow and look lonesomely about, so that he cried for\nfear and ran back. Then his people all went out and looked; but there\nwas only snow; and then they knew that he had seen the Yuki-Onna.'\n\n'And in these days, Kinjuro, do people ever see her?'\n\n'Yes. Those who make the pilgrimage to Yabumura, in the period called\nDai-Kan, which is the Time of the Greatest Cold, [2]  they sometimes see\nher.'\n\n'What is there at Yabumura, Kinjuro?'\n\n'There is the Yabu-jinja, which is an ancient and famous temple of Yabu-\nno-Tenno-San--the God of Colds, Kaze-no-Kami. It is high upon a hill,\nnearly nine ri from Matsue. And the great matsuri of that temple is held\nupon the tenth and eleventh days of the Second Month. And on those days\nstrange things may be seen. For one who gets a very bad cold prays to\nthe deity of Yabu-jinja to cure it, and takes a vow to make a pilgrimage\nnaked to the temple at the time of the matsuri.'\n\n'Naked?'\n\n'Yes: the pilgrims wear only waraji, and a little cloth round their\nloins. And a great many men and women go naked through the snow to the\ntemple, though the snow is deep at that time. And each man carries a\nbunch of gohei and a naked sword as gifts to the temple; and each woman\ncarries a metal mirror. And at the temple, the priests receive them,\nperforming curious rites. For the priests then, according to ancient\ncustom, attire themselves like sick men, and lie down and groan, and\ndrink, potions made of herbs, prepared after the Chinese manner.'\n\n'But do not some of the pilgrims die of cold, Kinjuro?'\n\n'No: our Izumo peasants are hardy. Besides, they run swiftly, so that\nthey reach the temple all warm. And before returning they put on thick\nwarm robes. But sometimes, upon the way, they see the Yuki-Onna.'\n\n===========\n'Long ago, in the days of a daimyo whose name has been forgotten, there\nlived in this old city a young man and a maid who loved each other very\nmuch. Their names are not remembered, but their story remains. From\ninfancy they had been betrothed; and as children they played together,\nfor their parents were neighbours. And as they grew up, they became\nalways fonder of each other.\n\n'Before the youth had become a man, his parents died. But he was able to\nenter the service of a rich samurai, an officer of high rank, who had\nbeen a friend of his people. And his protector soon took him into great\nfavour, seeing him to be courteous, intelligent, and apt at arms. So the\nyoung man hoped to find himself shortly in a position that would make it\npossible for him to marry his betrothed. But war broke out in the north\nand east; and he was summoned suddenly to follow his master to the\nfield. Before departing, however, he was able to see the girl; and they\nexchanged pledges in the presence of her parents; and he promised,\nshould he remain alive, to return within a year from that day to marry\nhis betrothed.\n\n'After his going much time passed without news of him, for there was no\npost in that time as now; and the girl grieved so much for thinking of\nthe chances of war that she became all white and thin and weak. Then at\nlast she heard of him through a messenger sent from the army to bear\nnews to the daimyo and once again a letter was brought to her by another\nmessenger. And thereafter there came no word. Long is a year to one who\nwaits. And the year passed, and he did not return.\n\n'Other seasons passed, and still he did not come; and she thought him\ndead; and she sickened and lay down, and died, and was buried. Then her\nold parents, who had no other child, grieved unspeakably, and came to\nhate their home for the lonesomeness of it. After a time they resolved\nto sell all they had, and to set out upon a sengaji--the great\npilgrimage to the Thousand Temples of the Nichiren-Shu, which requires\nmany years to perform. So they sold their small house with all that it\ncontained, excepting the ancestral tablets, and the holy things which\nmust never be sold, and the ihai of their buried daughter, which were\nplaced, according to the custom of those about to leave their native\nplace, in the family temple. Now the family was of the Nichiren-Shu; and\ntheir temple was Myokoji.\n\n'They had been gone only four days when the young man who had been\nbetrothed to their daughter returned to the city. He had attempted, with\nthe permission of his master, to fulfil his promise. But the provinces\nupon his way were full of war, and the roads and passes were guarded by\ntroops, and he had been long delayed by many difficulties. And when he\nheard of his misfortune he sickened for grief, and many days remained\nwithout knowledge of anything, like one about to die.\n\n'But when he began to recover his strength, all the pain of memory came\nback again; and he regretted that he had not died. Then he resolved to\nkill himself upon the grave of his betrothed; and, as soon as he was\nable to go out unobserved, he took his sword and went to the cemetery\nwhere the girl was buried: it is a lonesome place--the cemetery of\nMyokoji. There he found her tomb, and knelt before it, and prayed and\nwept, and whispered to her that which he was about to do. And suddenly\nhe heard her voice cry to him: \"Anata!\" and felt her hand upon his hand;\nand he turned, and saw her kneeling beside him, smiling, and beautiful\nas he remembered her, only a little pale. Then his heart leaped so that\nhe could not speak for the wonder and the doubt and the joy of that\nmoment. But she said: \"Do not doubt: it is really I. I am not dead. It\nwas all a mistake. I was buried, because my people thought me dead--\nburied too soon. And my own parents thought me dead, and went upon a\npilgrimage. Yet you see, I am not dead--not a ghost. It is I: do not\ndoubt it! And I have seen your heart, and that was worth all the\nwaiting, and the pain.. . But now let us go away at once to another\ncity, so that people may not know this thing and trouble us; for all\nstill believe me dead.\"\n\n'And they went away, no one observing them. And they went even to the\nvillage of Minobu, which is in the province of Kai. For there is a\nfamous temple of the Nichiren-Shu in that place; and the girl had said:\n\"I know that in the course of their pilgrimage my parents will surely\nvisit Minobu: so that if we dwell there, they will find us, and we shall\nbe all again together.\" And when they came to Minobu, she said: \"Let us\nopen a little shop.\" And they opened a little food-shop, on the wide way\nleading to the holy place; and there they sold cakes for children, and\ntoys, and food for pilgrims. For two years they so lived and prospered;\nand there was a son born to them.\n\n'Now when the child was a year and two months old, the parents of the\nwife came in the course of their pilgrimage to Minobu; and they stopped\nat the little shop to buy food. And seeing their daughter's betrothed,\nthey cried out and wept and asked questions. Then he made them enter,\nand bowed down before them, and astonished them, saying: \"Truly as I\nspeak it, your daughter is not dead; and she is my wife; and we have a\nson. And she is even now within the farther room, lying down with the\nchild. I pray you go in at once and gladden her, for her heart longs for\nthe moment of seeing you again.\"\n\n'So while he busied himself in making all things ready for their\ncomfort, they entered the inner, room very softly--the mother first.\n\n'They found the child asleep; but the mother they did not find. She\nseemed to have gone out for a little while only: her pillow was still\nwarm. They waited long for her: then they began to seek her. But never\nwas she seen again.\n\n'And they understood only when they found beneath the coverings which\nhad covered the mother and child, something which they remembered having\nleft years before in the temple of Myokoji--a little mortuary tablet,\nthe ihai of their buried daughter.'\n\n===========\n\n'A long time ago, in the days when Fox-women and goblins haunted this\nland, there came to the capital with her parents a samurai girl, so\nbeautiful that all men who saw her fell enamoured of her. And hundreds\nof young samurai desired and hoped to marry her, and made their desire\nknown to her parents. For it has ever been the custom in Japan that\nmarriages should be arranged by parents. But there are exceptions to all\ncustoms, and the case of this maiden was such an exception. Her parents\ndeclared that they intended to allow their daughter to choose her own\nhusband, and that all who wished to win her would be free to woo her.\n\n'Many men of high rank and of great wealth were admitted to the house as\nsuitors; and each one courted her as he best knew how--with gifts, and\nwith fair words, and with poems written in her honour, and with promises\nof eternal love. And to each one she spoke sweetly and hopefully; but\nshe made strange conditions. For every suitor she obliged to bind\nhimself by his word of honour as a samurai to submit to a test of his\nlove for her, and never to divulge to living person what that test might\nbe. And to this all agreed.\n\n'But even the most confident suitors suddenly ceased their importunities\nafter having been put to the test; and all of them appeared to have been\ngreatly terrified by something. Indeed, not a few even fled away from\nthe city, and could not be persuaded by their friends to return. But no\none ever so much as hinted why. Therefore it was whispered by those who\nknew nothing of the mystery, that the beautiful girl must be either a\nFox-woman or a goblin.\n\n'Now, when all the wooers of high rank had abandoned their suit, there\ncame a samurai who had no wealth but his sword. He was a good man and\ntrue, and of pleasing presence; and the girl seemed to like him. But she\nmade him take the same pledge which the others had taken; and after he\nhad taken it, she told him to return upon a certain evening.\n\n'When that evening came, he was received at the house by none but the\ngirl herself. With her own hands she set before him the repast of\nhospitality, and waited upon him, after which she told him that she\nwished him to go out with her at a late hour. To this he consented\ngladly, and inquired to what place she desired to go. But she replied\nnothing to his question, and all at once became very silent, and strange\nin her manner. And after a while she retired from the apartment, leaving\nhim alone.\n\n'Only long after midnight she returned, robed all in white--like a Soul\n--and, without uttering a word, signed to him to follow her. Out of the\nhouse they hastened while all the city slept. It was what is called an\noborozuki-yo--'moon-clouded night.' Always upon such a night, 'tis said,\ndo ghosts wander. She swiftly led the way; and the dogs howled as she\nflitted by; and she passed beyond the confines of the city to a place of\nknolls shadowed by enormous trees, where an ancient cemetery was. Into\nit she glided--a white shadow into blackness. He followed, wondering,\nhis hand upon his sword. Then his eyes became accustomed to the gloom;\nand he saw.\n\n'By a new-made grave she paused and signed to him to wait. The tools of\nthe grave-maker were still lying there. Seizing one, she began to dig\nfuriously, with strange haste and strength. At last her spade smote a\ncoffin-lid and made it boom: another moment and the fresh white wood of\nthe kwan was bare. She tore off the lid, revealing a corpse within--the\ncorpse of a child. With goblin gestures she wrung an arm from the body,\nwrenched it in twain, and, squatting down, began to devour the upper\nhalf. Then, flinging to her lover the other half, she cried to him,\n\"Eat, if thou lovest mel this is what I eat!\" 'Not even for a single\ninstant did he hesitate. He squatted down upon the other side of the\ngrave, and ate the half of the arm, and said, \"Kekko degozarimasu! mo\nsukoshi chodai.\"  [3] For that arm was made of the best kwashi [4] that\nSaikyo could produce.\n\n'Then the girl sprang to her feet with a burst of laughter, and cried:\n\"You only, of all my brave suitors, did not run away! And I wanted a\nhusband: who could not fear. I will marry you; I can love you: you are a\nman!\"'\n\n\n7) Yuki-onna\n\nIn a village of Musashi Province (1), there lived two woodcutters:\nMosaku and Minokichi. At the time of which I am speaking, Mosaku was an\nold man; and Minokichi, his apprentice, was a lad of eighteen years.\nEvery day they went together to a forest situated about five miles from\ntheir village. On the way to that forest there is a wide river to\ncross; and there is a ferry-boat. Several times a bridge was built\nwhere the ferry is; but the bridge was each time carried away by a\nflood. No common bridge can resist the current there when the river\nrises.\n\n\nMosaku and Minokichi were on their way home, one very cold evening,\nwhen a great snowstorm overtook them. They reached the ferry; and they\nfound that the boatman had gone away, leaving his boat on the other\nside of the river. It was no day for swimming; and the woodcutters took\nshelter in the ferryman's hut,--thinking themselves lucky to find any\nshelter at all. There was no brazier in the hut, nor any place in which\nto make a fire: it was only a two-mat [1] hut, with a single door, but\nno window. Mosaku and Minokichi fastened the door, and lay down to\nrest, with their straw rain-coats over them. At first they did not feel\nvery cold; and they thought that the storm would soon be over.\n\nThe old man almost immediately fell asleep; but the boy, Minokichi, lay\nawake a long time, listening to the awful wind, and the continual\nslashing of the snow against the door. The river was roaring; and the\nhut swayed and creaked like a junk at sea. It was a terrible storm; and\nthe air was every moment becoming colder; and Minokichi shivered under\nhis rain-coat. But at last, in spite of the cold, he too fell asleep.\n\nHe was awakened by a showering of snow in his face. The door of the hut\nhad been forced open; and, by the snow-light (yuki-akari), he saw a\nwoman in the room,--a woman all in white. She was bending above Mosaku,\nand blowing her breath upon him;--and her breath was like a bright\nwhite smoke. Almost in the same moment she turned to Minokichi, and\nstooped over him. He tried to cry out, but found that he could not\nutter any sound. The white woman bent down over him, lower and lower,\nuntil her face almost touched him; and he saw that she was very\nbeautiful,--though her eyes made him afraid. For a little time she\ncontinued to look at him;--then she smiled, and she whispered:--\"I\nintended to treat you like the other man. But I cannot help feeling\nsome pity for you,--because you are so young... You are a pretty boy,\nMinokichi; and I will not hurt you now. But, if you ever tell\nanybody--even your own mother--about what you have seen this night, I\nshall know it; and then I will kill you... Remember what I say!\"\n\nWith these words, she turned from him, and passed through the doorway.\nThen he found himself able to move; and he sprang up, and looked out.\nBut the woman was nowhere to be seen; and the snow was driving\nfuriously into the hut. Minokichi closed the door, and secured it by\nfixing several billets of wood against it. He wondered if the wind had\nblown it open;--he thought that he might have been only dreaming, and\nmight have mistaken the gleam of the snow-light in the doorway for the\nfigure of a white woman: but he could not be sure. He called to Mosaku,\nand was frightened because the old man did not answer. He put out his\nhand in the dark, and touched Mosaku's face, and found that it was ice!\nMosaku was stark and dead...\n\n\nBy dawn the storm was over; and when the ferryman returned to his\nstation, a little after sunrise, he found Minokichi lying senseless\nbeside the frozen body of Mosaku. Minokichi was promptly cared for, and\nsoon came to himself; but he remained a long time ill from the effects\nof the cold of that terrible night. He had been greatly frightened also\nby the old man's death; but he said nothing about the vision of the\nwoman in white. As soon as he got well again, he returned to his\ncalling,--going alone every morning to the forest, and coming back at\nnightfall with his bundles of wood, which his mother helped him to sell.\n\n\nOne evening, in the winter of the following year, as he was on his way\nhome, he overtook a girl who happened to be traveling by the same road.\nShe was a tall, slim girl, very good-looking; and she answered\nMinokichi's greeting in a voice as pleasant to the ear as the voice of\na song-bird. Then he walked beside her; and they began to talk. The\ngirl said that her name was O-Yuki [2]; that she had lately lost both\nof her parents; and that she was going to Yedo (2), where she happened\nto have some poor relations, who might help her to find a situation as\na servant. Minokichi soon felt charmed by this strange girl; and the\nmore that he looked at her, the handsomer she appeared to be. He asked\nher whether she was yet betrothed; and she answered, laughingly, that\nshe was free. Then, in her turn, she asked Minokichi whether he was\nmarried, or pledged to marry; and he told her that, although he had only\na widowed mother to support, the question of an \"honorable\ndaughter-in-law\" had not yet been considered, as he was very young...\nAfter these confidences, they walked on for a long while without\nspeaking; but, as the proverb declares, Ki ga areba, me mo kuchi hodo\nni mono wo iu: \"When the wish is there, the eyes can say as much as the\nmouth.\" By the time they reached the village, they had become very much\npleased with each other; and then Minokichi asked O-Yuki to rest awhile\nat his house. After some shy hesitation, she went there with him; and\nhis mother made her welcome, and prepared a warm meal for her. O-Yuki\nbehaved so nicely that Minokichi's mother took a sudden fancy to her,\nand persuaded her to delay her journey to Yedo. And the natural end of\nthe matter was that Yuki never went to Yedo at all. She remained in the\nhouse, as an \"honorable daughter-in-law.\"\n\n\nO-Yuki proved a very good daughter-in-law. When Minokichi's mother came\nto die,--some five years later,--her last words were words of affection\nand praise for the wife of her son. And O-Yuki bore Minokichi ten\nchildren, boys and girls,--handsome children all of them, and very fair\nof skin.\n\nThe country-folk thought O-Yuki a wonderful person, by nature different\nfrom themselves. Most of the peasant-women age early; but O-Yuki, even\nafter having become the mother of ten children, looked as young and\nfresh as on the day when she had first come to the village.\n\n\nOne night, after the children had gone to sleep, O-Yuki was sewing by\nthe light of a paper lamp; and Minokichi, watching her, said:--\n\n\"To see you sewing there, with the light on your face, makes me think\nof a strange thing that happened when I was a lad of eighteen. I then\nsaw somebody as beautiful and white as you are now--indeed, she was\nvery like you.\"...\n\nWithout lifting her eyes from her work, O-Yuki responded:--\n\n\"Tell me about her... Where did you see her?\"\n\nThen Minokichi told her about the terrible night in the ferryman's\nhut,--and about the White Woman that had stooped above him, smiling and\nwhispering,--and about the silent death of old Mosaku. And he said:--\n\n\"Asleep or awake, that was the only time that I saw a being as\nbeautiful as you. Of course, she was not a human being; and I was\nafraid of her,--very much afraid,--but she was so white!... Indeed, I\nhave never been sure whether it was a dream that I saw, or the Woman of\nthe Snow.\"...\n\nO-Yuki flung down her sewing, and arose, and bowed above Minokichi\nwhere he sat, and shrieked into his face:--\n\n\"It was I--I--I!  Yuki it was! And I told you then that I would kill\nyou if you ever said one word about it!... But for those children\nasleep there, I would kill you this moment! And now you had better take\nvery, very good care of them; for if ever they have reason to complain\nof you, I will treat you as you deserve!\"...\n\nEven as she screamed, her voice became thin, like a crying of\nwind;--then she melted into a bright white mist that spired to the\nroof-beams, and shuddered away through the smoke-hold... Never again\nwas she seen.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_8_description_41":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ(DSpace)","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Recording, oral","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_8_description_5":{"attribute_name":"内容記述","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"中島淑恵（富山大学人文学部教授）が，これまでの研究成果を踏まえ，Lafcadio Hearn=ラフカディオ・ハーン＝小泉八雲に関する様々を語る\nこれは，当日，会場でICレコーダを用いて収録したMP3形式の音声ファイル","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_8_description_6":{"attribute_name":"会議概要（会議名, 開催地, 会期, 主催者等）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"日時：2020年1月29日（水）13:00～14:30\n場所：富山大学附属図書館2階ワーキングラボ","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_8_full_name_3":{"attribute_name":"著者別名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"373","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"},{"nameIdentifier":"9000002439148","nameIdentifierScheme":"CiNii 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